2016, Vol. 4, Issue 3, Part B

author(s)
Anil Kumar Singh, AP Singh, Naveen Gaurav, Abhishekh Srivastava, Hira Singh Gariya

abstract
BGA (Blue Green Algae) are reported to ubiquitous in distribution and are reported in all the latitudes and longitude from the Antarctic and Arctic regions to the tropical dry deserts perhaps showing their beginning pioneering habitation of the ancient earth. They are also unique in their potentiality to simultaneously complete oxygenic photosynthesis and oxygen helpful in nitrogen fixation. By these processes such organisms particularly in the deeper habitat make significant contributions to the nitrogen bio – geochemical and Carbon cycle. The ability to fix nitrogen of these organisms either independently or in association with other organisms not only helpful to maintain natural ecosystems but also used in many countries particularly for production of rice cultivation. Their capability to grow in highly polluted habitat is also used to treat sewage and polluted effluents of various industries. From the foregoing this is evident that although BGA are prokaryotic and microscopic organisms and they are also ubiquitous in their distribution and play roles in the maintenance of various ecosystems. Their important contributions to the maintenance of global bio-geochemical and carbon cycle are quite significant. Some of them mostly use cyanobacteria for biofertilizer. This is therefore very important and too useful.