2024, Vol. 12, Issue 4, Part A

author(s)
Anmol Fatima Iqbal, Muhammad Haris Sultan, Muhammad Faizan, Usman Naveed, Muhammad Sohaib Iftikhar and Noreen Kanwal

abstract
DNA markers for plant genetic analysis are compared and discussed in this review article. DNA markers are vital in concentrating on legacy designs, genomic variety, transformative cycles, and allele-aggregate cooperation. The decision of a hereditary marker for a particular application relies upon variables like actual qualities, genomic position, cost, straightforwardness of purpose, and throughput necessities. Numerous DNA markers, such as RFLP, RAPD, AFLP, and microarray-based markers, have been developed over the past few decades. These markers have reformed plant reproducing by empowering the planning of genomes, recognizable proof of qualities influencing various cycles and aggregates, appraisal of hereditary variety and advancement, and backing for crop improvement through marker-helped rearing. DNA markers offer dependability, unwavering quality, biosafety, and the capacity to choose for testing characteristics. They have likewise tracked down applications in legal sciences, sickness, determination, systematics, and protection science. Generally speaking, DNA markers have added to the field of plant hereditary investigation and have opened up new roads for atomic reproducing.