2024, Vol. 12, Issue 4, Part E

This review delves into the critical role of genetic diversity in medicinal plants, examining how it influences their adaptability, resilience, and production of bioactive compounds. The review synthesizes findings from studies conducted between 2010 and 2024, highlighting the importance of conserving this diversity to maintain the therapeutic efficacy of medicinal plants. Various molecular markers, including RAPD, AFLP, SSR, and next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques, have been employed to assess genetic diversity, revealing significant variation within and among species. This diversity is crucial for the continued evolution and sustainability of these plants, particularly in the face of environmental changes and anthropogenic pressures.

The review also explores conservation strategies, emphasizing the integration of in situ and ex situ methods to safeguard genetic resources. In situ conservation allows plants to evolve naturally in their habitats, while ex situ methods, such as seed banking and tissue culture, provide a backup against habitat loss. Biotechnological approaches, including CRISPR/Cas9, have emerged as powerful tools for enhancing the conservation and sustainable use of medicinal plants by increasing the availability of key bioactive compounds.

However, the review identifies gaps in the literature, particularly the need for more comprehensive genomic studies and long-term monitoring of genetic diversity. It also discusses the challenges and debates surrounding the commercialization of medicinal plants and the use of genetic engineering in conservation. The findings underscore the need for integrative conservation strategies that align with sustainable development goals and ensure the preservation of medicinal plant diversity for future generations.