2025, Vol. 13, Issue 2, Part B

Lung cancer is a major public health concern in India and globally ranking among the most common and fatal malignancies. In India, cases are projected to rise significantly, with tobacco consumption, air pollution, occupational exposure, and genetic predisposition being key risk factors. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of lung cancer epidemiology, highlighting regional disparities in incidence and mortality. Advances in diagnostics, including low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) and next-generation sequencing (NGS), have improved early detection, though accessibility remains a challenge. Treatment strategies incorporate chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and radiation therapy, with clinical trials demonstrating promising outcomes. However, financial constraints and healthcare infrastructure limitations hinder widespread treatment access. Public health strategies, including tobacco control policies, air pollution mitigation, and enhanced screening programs, are critical for reducing lung cancer. Addressing these challenges through policy interventions and improved healthcare access is essential for reducing morbidity and mortality associated with lung cancer in India.