2025, Vol. 13, Issue 4, Part A

author(s)
Adrita and Mary Arpana

abstract
Orchids, traditionally admired for their ornamental beauty, also possess significant medicinal properties. Rich in phytochemicals such as flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, and polyphenols, orchids exhibit therapeutic effects including anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, and immune-regulatory actions. Historically used in Ayurvedic and Chinese medicine, they treat various ailments like hormonal disorders, wounds, respiratory issues, and infections. Additionally, orchids serve as bio-indicators of environmental health due to their sensitivity to ecological changes. However, Orchidaceae species are increasingly threatened by deforestation, habitat destruction, overharvesting, and climate change, compounded by their intricate dependence on pollinators and mycorrhizal fungi. Despite conservation efforts like in situ and ex situ strategies, more research is needed to ensure their preservation. The presence of unique phytochemicals in orchids offers promising avenues for novel drug development. Yet, limited pharmacological and toxicological data on their effects in humans underscore the urgent need for further scientific exploration and sustainable conservation of these valuable plants.