2025, Vol. 13, Issue 4, Part D

author(s)
Bibishan Nagargoje and Bapu Sarwade

abstract
Maerua arenaria (Capparaceae) is a xerophytic shrub distributed across arid and semi-arid regions of Africa and Asia, notable for its strong drought tolerance and ethnomedicinal importance. Traditionally, the plant has been utilized in the treatment of inflammatory disorders, digestive ailments, and various skin diseases. Despite its therapeutic value, limited information is available on its structural adaptations. The present work investigates the morphological and anatomical features of M. arenaria, highlighting characteristics that enable survival in water-deficient habitats. Morphological observations indicated a spiny growth habit, thick coriaceous alternate leaves, fragrant creamy-white flowers, and globose drupe-like fruits. Microscopic analysis of the leaf and petiole revealed several xerophytic modifications, including a thick, multi-layered cuticular epidermis, well-developed sclerenchymatous bundle sheath extensions, and a complex vascular system specialized for water retention and mechanical stability. These findings provide insight into the adaptive strategies of M. arenaria, contributing to reliable taxonomic characterization and offering a foundation for future pharmacognostic and phytopharmaceutical research.