2025, Vol. 13, Issue 6, Part C

author(s)
Fathimathul Jennah Muhammad Kunhi, Sarga Ratheeshbabu Nair, Irshad Ahmad and Shagufta

abstract
Trachyspermum ammi L (Ajwain) is a widely recognized medicinal seed and a member of the Apiaceae family, which has been valued in both culinary and traditional medicine for its wide-ranging health benefits. It has been commonly used to aid digestion, relieve respiratory issues, ease menstrual discomfort, and support lactation. Modern research is now uncovering the scientific basis for these traditional uses and highlighting the bioactive compounds in ajwain, such as thymol, carvacrol, limonene, and p-cymene, which contribute to its medicinal effects. Evidence from preclinical and clinical studies suggests that ajwain, especially in the form of essential oil, exhibits anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, gastroprotective, cardioprotective, and anticancer effects, often with comparable or greater efficacy than conventional drugs and with fewer adverse effects. Additionally, recent studies suggest that ajwain may have a potential role in modulating gut microbiota and contributing to integrative and preventive medicine. Despite extensive research, several challenges remain that need to be addressed, including the need for standardized extraction methods, a deeper understanding of bioavailability and pharmacokinetics, and further clinical validation. This review provides an update on current development regarding the phytochemistry, pharmacological properties, and therapeutic potential of ajwain, offering a comprehensive insight that connects traditional practices with modern scientific evidence.